The motherboard that connects all the elements that make up a computer.

The main function of a motherboard is the connection of these components by buses in the form of printed circuits. In particular, it includes slots (or “slots”), designed to accept different types of components. For example, there are one or more slots for the processor(s), for memory modules, and generic slots for peripherals (see below: devices).

The processor or microprocessor (CPU) which allows the computer to carry out the operations (calculations) requested.

The microprocessor is the brain of the computer where these calculations take place. A microprocessor is an electronic chip that comes in the form of a box, the size and shape of which vary according to its degree of sophistication and the technology that allowed its manufacture. When you look inside a computer, it’s often hidden behind a cooling device, which allows it to run at high speed while maintaining optimum temperature. Rmq: The speed (frequency) of a processor’s calculation is expressed in Hz. Nowadays consumer processors can exceed 3 gHz but it is not only the speed of the processor that makes the speed of execution of the tasks requested from a computer. Today it is common that in a computer what is called the processor is in fact only a combination of several processors. We always speak of a processor but for the processors that compose it we speak of hearts (Core in English). In common vocabulary, we say that 1 processor is made up of 2, 4, 8, … cores. Hence the mentions in English: Dual Core, Quad Core, …

The bus(es), communication system between the components of a computer. It(s) allow(s) to connect the different functional parts of this computer to each other.

In computing, a bus allows information to be transported between different components of a computer. For example, it can be used to link the microprocessor to central memory, storage devices or peripherals. From a technical point of view, it consists of a set of wires (i.e. a sheet) or “tracks” on an integrated circuit. Each of these tracks makes it possible to convey information in parallel. Therefore, their number affects the speed of data transfer between computer components. This is why we speak, for example, of 32-bit or 64-bit processors (a bit is a binary number, that is to say an elementary piece of information that can circulate on the one of these threads at some point).

Random Access Memory (or RAM), which stores program information and data during operation. Rmq: The memory storage capacity is expressed in bytes (or Bytes), today the RAM of a computer can reach several Gigas Bytes (GB).

The graphics card or video card, which produces an image that can be displayed on a screen. Rmq: The graphics card sends images stored in its memory (RAM or hard disk) to the screen, at a frequency and in a format that partly depends on the connected screen and the port on which it is connected (thanks to Plug and Play) and its internal configuration on the other hand.

Inputs-outputs: devices that allow communication with the outside world (USB, serial port, …).

The hard drive, which stores program information and basic machine data. Rmq: The storage capacity of a hard disk is expressed in bytes (or Byte), today the storage capacity can reach several Terra Bytes (TB).

The disc reader: Which can be a reader and writer at the same time. It can be a Cd-Rom player, a Dvd-Rom player, a Blu-Ray player, … Rmq : The disc player is put as the main element, but it is now very often reduced to a element says: peripherals (see: peripherals).

The power supply: of course all its components could not function without a power source called a power supply.

Other elements can also be considered as main, but they can also be found as peripherals (see: peripherals): – the sound card – network card(s) …

All these elements once connected to the motherboard constitute what is called the central unit of the computer.

As we have just seen, a computer is composed of an assembly of main elements, but to enter into a relationship and interact with it, it must add elements called ©s peripherals. Peripherals can be either internal or external to the structure of the computer (the central processing unit). We will then speak of internal peripherals for all devices, elements integrated into the casing of the central unit (notion of card) and external peripherals for all devices, elements using a connection accessible from the outside to the central unit (USB, serial port, parallel port, …).

Rmq: Some external devices do not require an external power supply, current is supplied by the data port, while others must be connected to the mains or contain a battery or batteries.

Input devices are used to provide information (or data) to the computer system. We mainly find there: keyboard (text typing), mouse (pointing), scanner (digitization of paper documents), microphone, webcam, etc.

Mouse: Allows you to move the pointing cursor on the screen

Scanner: Allows the acquisition of images, texts on a computer

Output devices are used to output information from the computer system: screen, printer, speaker, etc.

Screen: Allows you to view information from the computer

Printer: allows you to print images, texts, … from the computer on a print medium (paper, cardboard, plastic, …)

Loudspeaker: emits sounds from the computer

You can also add input-output devices that operate in both directions: a CD-ROM drive or a USB key, for example, can store data. es (output) so load them (input).

Disk drive: Which can be a reader and writer at the same time. It can be a CD-Rom reader, a DVD-Rom reader, a Blu-Ray reader, … It is used to read or write digital data (computer data).

USB flash drive: allows you to read and save computer data

External hard drive: allows you to read and save computer data

Sound card: allows you to acquire external sounds or restore sounds coming from the computer

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which of the following is not a computer peripheral